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2000 Canadian federal election

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2000 Canadian federal election

← 1997 November 27, 2000 (2000-11-27) 2004 →

301 seats in the House of Commons
151 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout64.1%[1] (Decrease2.9pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Jean Chrétien in 1996.jpg
Stockwell Day (infobox crop).jpg
Gilles Duceppe2.jpg
Leader Jean Chrétien Stockwell Day Gilles Duceppe
Party Liberal Alliance Bloc Québécois
Leader since June 23, 1990 June 24, 2000 March 15, 1997
Leader's seat Saint-Maurice Okanagan—Coquihalla Laurier—
Sainte-Marie
Last election 155 seats, 38.46% 60 seats, 19.35% 44 seats, 10.67%
Seats before 161 58 44
Seats won 172 66 38
Seat change Increase11 Increase8 Decrease6
Popular vote 5,252,031 3,276,929 1,377,727
Percentage 40.85% 25.49% 10.72%[i]
Swing Increase2.39pp Increase6.13pp Increase0.04pp

  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Alexa McDonough cropped.jpg
RightHonourableJoeClark (cropped).jpg
Leader Alexa McDonough Joe Clark
Party New Democratic Progressive Conservative
Leader since October 14, 1995 November 14, 1998
Leader's seat Halifax Calgary Centre
Last election 21 seats, 11.05% 20 seats, 18.84%
Seats before 19 15
Seats won 13 12
Seat change Decrease6 Decrease3
Popular vote 1,093,868 1,566,998
Percentage 8.51% 12.19%
Swing Decrease2.54pp Decrease6.65pp


Prime Minister before election

Jean Chrétien
Liberal

Prime Minister after election

Jean Chrétien
Liberal

Map of Canada, showing the results of the 2000 election by riding.

The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect members to the House of Commons of Canada of the 37th Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's Liberal Party won a third majority government.

Since the previous election of 1997, small-c conservatives had begun attempts to merge the Reform Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada as part of the United Alternative agenda. During that time, Jean Charest stepped down as leader of the Progressive Conservatives and former Prime Minister Joe Clark took over the party and opposed any union with the Reform Party. In the spring of 2000, the Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance, a political party dedicated to uniting conservatives together into one party. Former Reform Party leader Preston Manning lost in a leadership race to Stockwell Day who became leader of the new Canadian Alliance party.

The federal government called an early election after being in office for close to three and a half years (with a maximum allowed mandate of five years). The governing Liberal Party of Canada won a third consecutive majority government, winning more seats than in 1997. The Canadian Alliance only made minor gains, and an Eastern breakthrough did not happen. The Bloc Québécois, New Democratic Party and the Progressive Conservatives all suffered slight losses.

This was the last election as of 2025 in which an incumbent government successfully defended its parliamentary majority. It was also the last election in which a single party won more than 40% of the popular vote, although the Conservative Party under Stephen Harper in 2011 (39.62%) and the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau in 2015 (39.47%) would both come close. This was the only election contested by the Canadian Alliance and the last by the Progressive Conservatives (as they both merged into the Conservative Party of Canada in 2003). This was also the first election in which Nunavut was its own separate territory (before, it was part of the Northwest Territories).

Changes to constituency names

[edit]

The following name changes took effect for the 2000 election:

1997 constituency name and province New designation
Argenteuil—Papineau QC Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel
Broadview—Greenwood ON Toronto—Danforth
Carleton—Gloucester ON Ottawa—Orléans
Charlotte NB New Brunswick Southwest
Gaspé—Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine QC Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok
Kamloops BC Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys
Kent—Essex ON Chatham-Kent—Essex
Richelieu QC Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour
Saint-Eustache—Sainte-Thérèse QC Rivière-des-Mille-Îles
Victoria—Haliburton ON Haliburton—Victoria—Brock
Wentworth—Burlington ON Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot
West Kootenay—Okanagan BC Kootenay—Boundary—Okanagan

Campaign

[edit]

On October 22, 2000, Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader Jean Chrétien advised Governor General Adrienne Clarkson to dissolve parliament and call an election scheduled for November 27, 2000. This move has been viewed by commentators as an attempt to stem a possible rise of support to the newly formed Canadian Alliance, to stop the leadership ambitions of Paul Martin, and to capitalize on the nostalgia created by the recent death of Pierre Trudeau. At the time of the election, the Canadian economy was strong and there were few immediate negative issues, as the opposition parties were not prepared for the campaign.[2]

The major issue in the election was health care which had risen in public opinion polls to be the most important issue for Canadians.[3]

The public was largely uninterested in the election, with commentators stating that voters expected a repeat of previous regionally divided elections that offered little chance of a change of government.[4]

The Liberals' final television advertisement, according to Stephen Clarkson's The Big Red Machine, "emphasized the contrast between [the Liberals and the Canadian Alliance] while warning voters about [PC leader] Joe Clark's claim that he would form a coalition with the Bloc Québécois in a minority government. The ad told Canadians not to take risks with other parties but to choose a strong, proven team".[5]

Political parties

[edit]

Liberal Party

[edit]
Liberal Party logo during the election.

The Liberal Party entered the election with a record of ending the budgetary deficit, making major reductions in federal spending (such as by cuts to the civil service, privatization of crown corporations), creating new environmental regulations, and increasing spending beginning on social programs beginning in 1998 after the budget deficit had ended and a surplus had been achieved.[6] The Liberal Party came under attack by opposition parties for irregularities in the Department of Human Resources' Transition Job Fund program, but Chrétien managed to capably defend the government's actions.[6] Chrétien was directly attacked by the opposition parties for alleged corrupt involvement from the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) in providing funding to local projects in Chrétien's riding of Saint-Maurice.[7] The Liberal Party focused its attacks on the Canadian Alliance, accusing it of being a dangerous right-wing movement that was a threat to national unity.[8] The Liberal Party's most tense problem was the ongoing leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Chrétien and Finance Minister Paul Martin who wanted to replace Chrétien as Liberal leader and Prime Minister.[9]

Strategy

[edit]

Due to the regionalized nature of previous elections, the Liberal Party designed its election strategy along regional lines, aiming to take every seat in Ontario, winning seats in Quebec from the Bloc Québécois, and winning seats in Atlantic Canada, while attempting to minimize losses in Western Canada to the Canadian Alliance.[6]

Chrétien only spent parts of nine days campaigning in the West, including only two stops in the province of Alberta, both in the city of Edmonton while visiting the province of British Columbia only three times, and only in the cities of Victoria and Vancouver.[10]

The Liberal Party focused its effort in regaining support in Atlantic Canada, where the party had suffered serious losses in the 1997 election to the New Democratic Party and Progressive Conservative Party due to the Liberal government's imposition of quotas on Atlantic Canadian cod fisheries and the government's cuts to unemployment insurance benefits.[11] Chrétien gained support during the campaign from former New Brunswick Premier Frank McKenna and former Chrétien government minister and then the current Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Brian Tobin resigned as Premier and ran as a Liberal Party candidate in his province.[11] During the campaign, Chrétien apologized to Atlantic Canadians for the negative impact of employment insurance reforms which had caused hardship in Atlantic Canada.[11]

In Quebec, the Liberal Party benefited from the collapse of support for the Progressive Conservative Party, after the PCs' popular Québécois leader Jean Charest had resigned in 1998 and was replaced by former Prime Minister Joe Clark who was unpopular in Quebec which resulted in three PC members from Quebec defecting to join the Liberal Party prior to the election.[12] In Quebec the recently passed Clarity Act by the federal government was controversial in that it demanded a clear and concise question on a new referendum on sovereignty.[13] Chrétien defended the Clarity Act and attacked sovereigntist Quebec premier and former Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard, challenging him to hold another referendum on sovereignty under the new laws, as Chrétien expected that the sovereigntists would lose such a referendum.[13] The Liberal Party promised a number of government projects in Quebec to woo Quebec voters to the Liberal Party.[13]

The Liberal Party appealed to Canada's most populous province of Ontario by acting to restore funding that its government had cut in the 1990s in order to cut the deficit of the 1990s.[14] The Liberal government established a health accord with all premiers in September 2000 that involved major projected increases to public health care spending.[14] Overall, the Liberals increased their number of seats in the House of Commons from 155 seats to 172 seats. They also won the popular vote in their former stronghold of Quebec for the first time since 1980, though they narrowly fell short of winning the most seats in the province, winning 36 seats to the Bloc's 38.

Canadian Alliance

[edit]
Canadian Alliance logo during the election.

The Canadian Alliance (the common short form name of Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance) was a new political party in the election, having been created only months earlier as the successor to the Reform Party of Canada, a party founded as a Western Canada protest party which sought to become a national party in the 1990s.[15] Reform Party leader Preston Manning was deeply disappointed with the Reform Party's failure to spread eastward in the 1997 election, as the Reform Party lost its only seat in Ontario in that election.[16] Reform identified vote-splitting with its rival conservative movement, the Progressive Conservative Party as the cause for the Liberals' 1997 election victory, and Manning proposed the solution of a merger of the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties.[17] This agenda by the Reform Party to unite the two parties was called the United Alternative which began in 1998, and ultimately resulted in the Alliance.[18]

The new party subsequently elected Stockwell Day as leader over Manning. The Alliance had hoped to use the 2000 election to eclipse the PC party in Ontario and Eastern Canada.[15] The Alliance dedicated its campaign to demonstrating that the party was a national party and not as western-based as its predecessor had been perceived as.[15] Day's more media friendly and "easy going" persona was expected to appeal to more Ontario voters than Manning's reputation as a policy wonk, and after the United Alternative project had integrated the successful Provincial PCs in the party, the Canadian Alliance was hoping for major improvements.

The Alliance campaigned on: cutting taxes by reducing the Federal taxation rate to two lower tax brackets, an end to the federal gun registration program, and importance of family values. The campaign was dogged by accusations: introducing a two-tier health care—the party would allow private health care to exist alongside the public medicare system; and for threatening the protection of gay rights and abortion rights. The latter accusations tended to focus on the party's residual[clarification needed] direct democracy provisions in their platform. The accusations against his party platform, along with Day's relative inexperience compared to decades-experienced fixtures like Clark and Chrétien, led to the party fading from contention.

While they did not force the Liberals into minority government or finally eclipse the PC party, they did retain their official opposition status, and increased their numbers in the House of Commons by six seats, from 60 to 66. The Alliance ended up winning only two Ontario ridings. On election night, controversy arose when a CBC producer's gratuitously sexist comment about Stockwell Day's daughter-in-law, Juliana Thiessen-Day, was accidentally broadcast on the Canadian networks' pooled election feed from Day's riding.

Bloc Québécois

[edit]
Logo of the Bloc Québécois during the election.

The Bloc Québécois suffered from the unpopular decision of its provincial counterpart, the ruling Parti Québécois government's agenda to merge the communities surrounding Quebec City into one community.[19] Many Québécois were angered by this decision and voted in protest against the Bloc or chose not to vote at all to demonstrate their frustration.[20] Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe received negative media attention after he decided to personally appoint candidate Noël Tremblay to run in the riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord in spite of the Bloc's riding association's selection of Sylvain Gaudreault to run in the riding.[21] The Bloc's 177 page platform was criticized as being far too large, and few copies were distributed and few internet users accessed the platform because of its length and it was rarely discussed during the campaign.[22] Instead, the Bloc produced large numbers of copies of small booklets that outlined the policies within the large platform.[23] The Bloc campaigned to try to win over previous supporters of the PC Party.[23] This campaign strategy failed, as the Bloc lost seats to the Liberal Party due to the collapse of Quebec support for the Progressive Conservative Party, whose voters shifted to the Liberal Party.[24] The Bloc won in 38 ridings, six ridings fewer than in the 1997 election.

New Democratic Party

[edit]
Logo of the New Democratic Party during the election.

The New Democratic Party suffered badly in the campaign due to the drop in support for the provincial New Democratic parties over the preceding decade and amid a scandal in 2000 facing British Columbia's NDP Premier Glen Clark who was forced to resign as Premier.[25] Matters were made worse for the federal NDP after Saskatchewan's NDP Premier Roy Romanow resigned in 2000 after the party lost seats in the 1999 Saskatchewan provincial election, and afterwards suggested that the federal NDP should merge with the Liberal Party.[25] In Nova Scotia, the provincial NDP lost seats in its 1999 election while the NDP government of the Yukon had been recently defeated.[25] As Canada's major social democratic political party, it relied on support from the labour movement, but recent strains between the NDP and the Canadian Auto Workers union and the Canadian Labour Congress had weakened the party's base of support.[25] The party had received little media attention during the election and 2000 as a whole, due to the media's focus on Canada's newest political party, the Canadian Alliance, the political comeback of former Prime Minister Joe Clark to the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party, and the leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin.[9] The NDP did not expect to do well in the election and aimed to win thirty-two "must-win" seats.[9]

The NDP's platform and campaign focused on protecting medicare while attacking the Liberal Party for its tax cuts to wealthy Canadians and corporations.[3] The NDP's focus on attacking the Liberals failed to recognize the surging support for the Canadian Alliance in the province of Saskatchewan, where the NDP had hoped to gain seats.[26] The NDP failed to galvanize support, as it remained low in support in polling results throughout most of the election campaign.[27] NDP leader Alexa McDonough performed badly in the French-language debate due to her not being fluent in French.[28] In the English-language debate, McDonough attacked Alliance leader Stockwell Day for favouring two-tier health care and attacked Liberal leader Jean Chrétien for giving out tax cuts to the wealthy rather than funding Canada's public health care system.[28]

Progressive Conservative Party

[edit]
Logo of the Progressive Conservative Party during the election.

The Progressive Conservative Party aimed to regain its former place in Canadian politics under the leadership of former Prime Minister Joe Clark. The PC Party had a very disappointing election, recording its lowest ever share of the national vote, falling from 20 to 12 seats, and being almost exclusively confined to the Maritime provinces. It won the 12 seats needed for Official party status in the House of Commons, however.

Results

[edit]


Summary of the 2000 House of Commons of Canada election results
Party Party leader Candidates Seats Popular vote
1997 Dissol. Elected % Change # % Change
Liberal Jean Chrétien 301 155 161 172 +11.0% 5,252,031 40.85% +2.39pp
Alliance Stockwell Day 298 60 58 66 +10.0% 3,276,929 25.49% +6.13pp1
Bloc Québécois Gilles Duceppe 75 44 44 38 -13.6% 1,377,727 10.72% +0.05pp
New Democratic Alexa McDonough 298 21 19 13 -38.1% 1,093,868 8.51% -2.54pp
Progressive Conservative Joe Clark 291 20 15 12 -40.0% 1,566,998 12.19% -6.65pp
Green Joan Russow 111 - - - - 104,402 0.81% +0.38pp
Marijuana Marc-Boris St-Maurice 73 * - - * 66,258 0.52% *
  Independent and No Affiliation 86 1 4 - -100% 55,036 0.43% -0.04pp
Canadian Action Paul T. Hellyer 70 - - - - 27,103 0.21% +0.08pp
Natural Law Neil Paterson 69 - - - - 16,577 0.13% -0.16pp
Marxist–Leninist Sandra L. Smith 84 - - - - 12,068 0.09% -
Communist Miguel Figueroa 52 * - - * 8,776 0.07% *
  Vacant -  
Total 1,808 301 301 301 ±0.0% 12,857,773 100% -
Sources: Elections Canada Web Site History of Federal Ridings since 1867 Archived December 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election

* – Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election

1 – percentage change from Reform Party of Canada in previous election.

Synopsis of results

[edit]
Results by riding — 2000 Canadian federal election[a 1]
Riding Winning party Turnout[a 2] Votes[a 3]
1997 1st place Votes Share Margin
#
Margin
%
2nd place Lib All BQ NDP PC Green Mar Ind Other Total
 
Athabasca AB   Ref   All 18,775 54.46% 8,982 26.05%   Lib 56.3% 9,793 18,775 872 4,224 345 469 34,478
Calgary Centre AB   Ref   PC 26,358 46.05% 4,304 7.52%   All 56.8% 5,630 22,054 1,604 26,358 1,170 293 133 57,242
Calgary East AB   Ref   All 18,141 54.26% 11,298 33.79%   Lib 48.2% 6,843 18,141 1,444 5,510 1,222 276 33,436
Calgary Northeast AB   Ref   All 28,242 62.54% 18,401 40.75%   Lib 50.6% 9,841 28,242 1,852 5,222 45,157
Calgary Southeast AB   Ref   All 34,492 63.25% 23,139 42.43%   PC 63.9% 6,646 34,492 1,111 11,353 931 54,533
Calgary Southwest AB   Ref   All 34,529 64.81% 25,850 48.52%   PC 62.9% 7,954 34,529 2,113 8,679 53,275
Calgary West AB   Ref   All 33,222 54.05% 19,963 32.48%   PC 61.9% 11,181 33,222 2,350 13,259 1,456 61,468
Calgary—Nose Hill AB   Ref   All 35,904 60.13% 24,302 40.70%   Lib 59.5% 11,602 35,904 2,227 8,696 1,092 194 59,715
Crowfoot AB   Ref   All 33,767 70.56% 26,989 56.40%   PC 66.2% 2,964 33,767 1,457 6,778 2,891[a 4] 47,857
Edmonton Centre-East AB   Ref   All 17,768 42.44% 3,445 8.23%   Lib 53.4% 14,323 17,768 7,304 2,252 222 41,869
Edmonton North AB   Ref   All 22,063 51.22% 7,277 16.89%   Lib 57.2% 14,786 22,063 3,216 3,010 43,075
Edmonton Southeast AB   Lib   Lib 21,109 50.87% 4,717 11.37%   All 61.8% 21,109 16,392 1,285 2,269 438 41,493
Edmonton Southwest AB   Ref   All 26,197 48.85% 7,974 14.87%   Lib 64.1% 18,223 26,197 2,746 5,803 462 195 53,626
Edmonton West AB   Lib   Lib 21,978 44.24% 733 1.48%   All 56.3% 21,978 21,245 2,895 3,009 548 49,675
Edmonton—Strathcona AB   Ref   All 23,463 42.00% 5,647 10.11%   Lib 62.8% 17,816 23,463 8,256 5,047 814 463 55,859
Elk Island AB   Ref   All 33,730 64.23% 24,441 46.54%   Lib 66.6% 9,289 33,730 3,316 6,178 52,513
Lakeland AB   Ref   All 29,348 65.45% 20,298 45.27%   Lib 63.6% 9,050 29,348 2,069 4,373 44,840
Lethbridge AB   Ref   All 30,380 66.02% 22,583 49.08%   Lib 61.9% 7,797 30,380 2,648 4,062 864 264 46,015
Macleod AB   Ref   All 30,783 70.05% 24,704 56.22%   PC 62.8% 4,137 30,783 2,945 6,079 43,944
Medicine Hat AB   Ref   All 31,134 74.28% 26,742 63.80%   Lib 58.7% 4,392 31,134 2,153 4,236 41,915
Peace River AB   Ref   All 27,508 65.59% 21,013 50.10%   Lib 55.1% 6,495 27,508 2,914 5,021 41,938
Red Deer AB   Ref   All 36,940 72.61% 30,418 59.79%   Lib 60.4% 6,522 36,940 2,346 5,064 50,872
St. Albert AB   Ref   All 32,745 59.50% 19,108 34.72%   Lib 65.9% 13,637 32,745 2,965 5,687 55,034
Wetaskiwin AB   Ref   All 33,675 69.50% 25,357 52.34%   Lib 64.0% 8,318 33,675 2,045 4,413 48,451
Wild Rose AB   Ref   All 40,193 70.36% 32,823 57.46%   PC 62.5% 6,334 40,193 2,320 7,370 908 57,125
Yellowhead AB   Ref   All 26,824 66.08% 20,476 50.44%   Lib 60.4% 6,348 26,824 1,910 5,141 371 40,594
Burnaby—Douglas BC   NDP   NDP 17,018 37.39% 1,961 4.31%   All 62.3% 10,774 15,057 17,018 2,477 189 45,515
Cariboo—Chilcotin BC   Ref   All 19,213 59.63% 12,658 39.29%   Lib 60.5% 6,555 19,213 2,915 2,822 591 124 32,220
Delta—South Richmond BC   Ref   All 30,882 56.79% 15,024 27.63%   Lib 65.8% 15,858 30,882 3,060 3,838 225 517 54,380
Dewdney—Alouette BC   Ref   All 28,181 58.42% 19,464 40.35%   Lib 63.4% 8,717 28,181 5,535 5,804 48,237
Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca BC   Ref   All 23,982 49.73% 12,446 25.81%   Lib 61.5% 11,536 23,982 6,468 3,857 2,056 324 48,223
Fraser Valley BC   Ref   All 38,509 69.97% 29,544 53.68%   Lib 63.9% 8,965 38,509 3,185 2,330 528 811 212 494 55,034
Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys BC   NDP   All 23,577 48.59% 9,977 20.56%   NDP 67.4% 7,582 23,577 13,600 3,217 544 48,520
Kelowna BC   Ref   All 33,810 59.47% 20,246 35.61%   Lib 64.0% 13,564 33,810 3,572 4,708 1,199 56,853
Kootenay—Boundary—Okanagan BC   Ref   All 19,386 46.70% 8,029 19.34%   Lib 64.9% 11,357 19,386 4,091 2,147 2,689 889 953 41,512
Kootenay—Columbia BC   Ref   All 25,663 67.78% 20,082 53.04%   Lib 65.2% 5,581 25,663 3,297 2,165 1,158 37,864
Langley—Abbotsford BC   Ref   All 38,810 70.11% 29,256 52.85%   Lib 66.9% 9,554 38,810 2,353 4,218 420 55,355
Nanaimo—Alberni BC   Ref   All 26,516 50.45% 15,639 29.76%   Lib 64.9% 10,877 26,516 7,635 5,340 1,125 830 235 52,558
Nanaimo—Cowichan BC   Ref   All 23,641 46.63% 12,784 25.22%   Lib 64.6% 10,857 23,641 8,599 3,640 1,196 1,262 1,500 50,695
New Westminster—Coquitlam—Burnaby BC   Ref   All 20,698 43.97% 6,119 13.00%   Lib 60.1% 14,579 20,698 7,076 3,492 1,028 202 47,075
North Vancouver BC   Ref   All 27,920 49.88% 9,577 17.11%   Lib 68.8% 18,343 27,920 2,760 3,975 1,008 1,013 957 55,976
Okanagan—Coquihalla BC   Ref   All 28,794 59.37% 18,871 38.91%   Lib 65.5% 9,923 28,794 4,096 2,939 1,110 818 95 727 48,502
Okanagan—Shuswap BC   Ref   All 29,345 61.30% 19,490 40.71%   Lib 65.6% 9,855 29,345 4,060 3,096 447 1,071 47,874
Port Moody—Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam BC   Ref   All 28,631 49.69% 11,694 20.29%   Lib 63.4% 16,937 28,631 5,340 4,506 839 818 550 57,621
Prince George–Bulkley Valley BC   Ref   All 20,596 58.84% 12,394 35.41%   Lib 59.3% 8,202 20,596 2,029 2,448 793 152 785 35,005
Prince George—Peace River BC   Ref   All 23,840 69.62% 18,521 54.08%   Lib 56.7% 5,319 23,840 1,597 2,103 744 642 34,245
Richmond BC   Lib   All 21,064 44.41% 1,124 2.37%   Lib 61.7% 19,940 21,064 2,695 2,578 897 257 47,431
Saanich—Gulf Islands BC   Ref   All 25,392 43.16% 6,390 10.86%   Lib 70.6% 19,002 25,392 4,721 6,049 3,243 123 305 58,835
Skeena BC   Ref   All 12,787 42.73% 4,073 13.61%   Lib 59.7% 8,714 12,787 6,273 965 688 361 140 29,928
South Surrey—White Rock—Langley BC   Ref   All 28,762 59.95% 18,562 38.69%   Lib 67.8% 10,200 28,762 2,718 4,796 844 559 100 47,979
Surrey Central BC   Ref   All 29,812 51.61% 10,299 17.83%   Lib 59.5% 19,513 29,812 3,211 3,940 1,175 114 57,765
Surrey North BC   Ref   All 19,973 56.10% 9,694 27.23%   Lib 55.4% 10,279 19,973 2,619 1,714 556 285 174 35,600
Vancouver Centre BC   Lib   Lib 24,553 42.30% 9,377 16.15%   All 60.5% 24,553 15,176 6,993 6,828 2,285 1,116 1,093 58,044
Vancouver East BC   NDP   NDP 16,818 42.28% 3,397 8.54%   Lib 55.9% 13,421 5,536 16,818 1,439 975 724 339 529 39,781
Vancouver Island North BC   Ref   All 24,844 51.04% 12,752 26.20%   Lib 64.5% 12,092 24,844 5,701 2,997 2,532 216 297 48,679
Vancouver Kingsway BC   Lib   Lib 16,118 43.07% 5,042 13.47%   All 56.0% 16,118 11,076 5,921 1,803 1,009 1,494 37,421
Vancouver Quadra BC   Lib   Lib 22,253 44.84% 3,640 7.33%   All 63.3% 22,253 18,613 2,595 4,112 1,434 625 49,632
Vancouver South—Burnaby BC   Lib   Lib 17,705 42.70% 2,321 5.60%   All 58.4% 17,705 15,384 3,848 2,649 646 623 612 41,467
Victoria BC   Lib   Lib 23,730 42.65% 7,228 12.99%   All 63.6% 23,730 16,502 7,243 3,629 3,264 863 176 230 55,637
West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast BC   Ref   All 25,546 47.97% 11,377 21.36%   Lib 63.8% 14,169 25,546 3,351 4,993 2,605 1,618 976 53,258
Brandon—Souris MB   PC   PC 13,707 37.41% 2,029 5.54%   All 67.0% 6,544 11,678 4,518 13,707 94 102 36,643
Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia MB   Lib   Lib 13,901 36.21% 2,332 6.08%   All 67.0% 13,901 11,569 2,786 9,991 138 38,385
Churchill MB   NDP   NDP 10,477 44.94% 2,963 12.71%   Lib 51.1% 7,514 4,126 10,477 1,198 23,315
Dauphin—Swan River MB   Ref   All 15,855 47.66% 8,764 26.35%   Lib 63.5% 7,091 15,855 5,813 3,946 189 372 33,266
Portage—Lisgar MB   Ref   All 17,318 50.31% 11,185 32.49%   Lib 61.6% 6,133 17,318 2,073 5,339 3,558 34,421
Provencher MB   Lib   All 21,358 52.76% 6,939 17.14%   Lib 70.0% 14,419 21,358 1,980 2,726 40,483
Saint Boniface MB   Lib   Lib 20,173 52.17% 11,211 28.99%   All 64.2% 20,173 8,962 5,026 4,505 38,666
Selkirk—Interlake MB   Ref   All 17,856 43.82% 8,244 20.23%   Lib 66.7% 9,612 17,856 8,113 4,992 178 40,751
Winnipeg Centre MB   NDP   NDP 11,263 41.26% 1,953 7.16%   Lib 52.6% 9,310 3,975 11,263 1,915 698 134 27,295
Winnipeg North Centre MB   NDP   NDP 14,356 58.39% 7,601 30.92%   Lib 51.9% 6,755 14,356 2,950 525 24,586
Winnipeg North—St. Paul MB   Lib   Lib 14,556 38.78% 3,144 8.38%   All 64.1% 14,556 11,412 7,931 2,959 232 126 318 37,534
Winnipeg South MB   Lib   Lib 21,433 50.94% 8,795 20.90%   All 66.4% 21,433 12,638 4,224 3,599 183 42,077
Winnipeg South Centre MB   Lib   Lib 15,231 40.46% 4,556 12.10%   PC 62.5% 15,231 3,210 7,501 10,675 640 383 37,640
Winnipeg—Transcona MB   NDP   NDP 15,680 47.85% 7,344 22.41%   All 58.4% 6,041 8,336 15,680 2,133 229 264 87 32,770
Acadie—Bathurst NB   NDP   NDP 23,568 46.61% 3,206 6.34%   Lib 75.4% 20,362 2,314 23,568 4,321 50,565
Beauséjour—Petitcodiac NB   NDP   Lib 21,465 47.10% 6,834 15.00%   PC 71.3% 21,465 6,256 3,217 14,631 45,569
Fredericton NB   Lib   Lib 14,175 38.60% 3,256 8.87%   PC 62.8% 14,175 8,814 2,584 10,919 233 36,725
Fundy—Royal NB   PC   PC 15,279 40.51% 3,857 10.23%   Lib 68.5% 11,422 8,392 2,628 15,279 37,721
Madawaska—Restigouche NB   PC   Lib 19,913 52.27% 5,496 14.43%   PC 69.3% 19,913 1,958 1,811 14,417 38,099
Miramichi NB   Lib   Lib 17,047 51.44% 8,706 26.27%   PC 71.4% 17,047 5,298 2,453 8,341 33,139
Moncton—Riverview—Dieppe NB   Lib   Lib 26,545 58.74% 18,415 40.75%   All 62.7% 26,545 8,130 3,139 7,082 297 45,193
New Brunswick Southwest NB   PC   PC 14,489 47.25% 6,047 19.72%   Lib 67.6% 8,442 6,562 1,173 14,489 30,666
Saint John NB   PC   PC 16,751 50.92% 7,216 21.93%   Lib 60.3% 9,535 2,980 2,989 16,751 131 461 52 32,899
Tobique—Mactaquac NB   PC   Lib 10,897 33.60% 147 0.45%   PC 68.2% 10,897 9,573 1,216 10,750 32,436
Bonavista—Trinity—Conception NL   Lib   Lib 22,096 54.38% 11,087 27.29%   PC 61.2% 22,096[a 5] 1,051 6,473 11,009 40,629
Burin—St. George's NL   PC   Lib 14,603 47.52% 6,712 21.84%   Ind 58.0% 14,603 1,511 924 5,798 7,891 30,727
Gander—Grand Falls NL   Lib   Lib 15,874 55.02% 7,683 26.63%   PC 50.8% 15,874 1,912 2,876 8,191 28,853
Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte NL   Lib   Lib 15,405 48.53% 7,108 22.39%   NDP 58.2% 15,405 1,702 8,297 6,340 31,744
Labrador NL   Lib   Lib 7,153 68.99% 5,869 56.61%   NDP 53.0% 7,153 677 1,284 1,254 10,368
St. John's East NL   PC   PC 23,606 53.22% 9,771 22.03%   Lib 57.5% 13,835 1,144 5,395 23,606 254 122 44,356
St. John's West NL   PC   PC 22,959 53.62% 8,822 20.60%   Lib 57.1% 14,137 840 4,744 22,959 141 42,821
Bras d'Or—Cape Breton NS   NDP   Lib 20,815 54.85% 12,701 33.47%   PC 68.2% 20,815 1,483 7,537 8,114 37,949
Cumberland—Colchester NS   PC   PC 18,716 48.49% 8,445 21.88%   Lib 62.3% 10,271 4,981 4,629 18,716 38,597
Dartmouth NS   NDP   NDP 13,585 36.28% 1,177 3.14%   Lib 59.8% 12,408 3,282 13,585 8,085 86 37,446
Halifax NS   NDP   NDP 16,563 40.36% 3,024 7.37%   Lib 60.7% 13,539 2,348 16,563 7,255 590 627 113 41,035
Halifax West NS   NDP   Lib 18,327 39.21% 4,311 9.22%   NDP 60.5% 18,327 4,531 14,016 9,701 160 46,735
Kings—Hants NS   PC   PC 17,612 40.29% 4,399 10.06%   Lib 60.0% 13,213 4,618 7,244 17,612 669 140 218 43,714
Pictou—Antigonish—Guysborough NS   PC   PC 19,298 48.41% 6,713 16.84%   Lib 67.6% 12,585 2,930 4,498 19,298 552 39,863
Sackville—Musquodoboit Valley—Eastern Shore NS   NDP   NDP 13,619 34.48% 755 1.91%   Lib 61.5% 12,864 4,773 13,619 7,589 658 39,503
South Shore NS   PC   PC 14,328 39.69% 1,651 4.57%   Lib 61.8% 12,677 4,697 4,394 14,328 36,096
Sydney—Victoria NS   NDP   Lib 19,388 49.83% 5,172 13.29%   NDP 64.8% 19,388 1,528 14,216 3,779 38,911
West Nova NS   PC   Lib 12,783 36.09% 703 1.98%   PC 68.0% 12,783 6,581 3,976 12,080 35,420
Algoma—Manitoulin ON   Lib   Lib 15,000 48.36% 6,008 19.37%   All 57.9% 15,000 8,992 4,326 2,269 428 31,015
Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot ON   Lib   Lib 19,921 41.16% 4,649 9.61%   All 65.0% 19,921 15,272 3,756 9,451 48,400
Barrie—Simcoe—Bradford ON   Lib   Lib 26,309 48.27% 8,709 15.98%   All 54.8% 26,309 17,600 2,385 7,588 234 387 54,503
Beaches—East York ON   Lib   Lib 22,515 52.74% 13,579 31.81%   NDP 56.9% 22,515 3,838 8,936 5,766 599 682 351 42,687
Bramalea—Gore—Malton—Springdale ON   Lib   Lib 21,917 57.05% 14,703 38.27%   All 49.5% 21,917 7,214 1,864 6,019 783 619 38,416
Brampton Centre ON   Lib   Lib 18,365 50.64% 9,136 25.19%   PC 50.4% 18,365 6,247 1,795 9,229 628 36,264
Brampton West—Mississauga ON   Lib   Lib 31,041 66.38% 23,375 49.99%   All 47.6% 31,041 7,666 1,567 5,957 529 46,760
Brant ON   Lib   Lib 24,068 56.42% 13,113 30.74%   All 56.3% 24,068 10,955 3,126 3,580 484 447 42,660
Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound ON   Lib   Lib 19,817 44.22% 3,857 8.61%   All 62.1% 19,817 15,960 2,166 6,872 44,815
Burlington ON   Lib   Lib 22,175 46.77% 10,675 22.52%   All 61.3% 22,175 11,500 1,722 11,240 771 47,408
Cambridge ON   Lib   Lib 22,148 46.60% 7,233 15.22%   All 57.4% 22,148 14,915 4,111 5,988 160 210 47,532
Chatham-Kent—Essex ON   Lib   Lib 20,085 49.71% 7,128 17.64%   All 56.5% 20,085 12,957 2,209 4,156 715 73 213 40,408
Davenport ON   Lib   Lib 17,014 66.72% 13,557 53.16%   NDP 51.2% 17,014 2,021 3,457 1,526 642 480 361 25,501
Don Valley East ON   Lib   Lib 25,915 66.60% 20,270 52.09%   PC 54.8% 25,915 4,736 2,249 5,645 212 153 38,910
Don Valley West ON   Lib   Lib 25,329 55.37% 14,746 32.24%   PC 60.9% 25,329 7,239 2,024 10,583 469 97 45,741
Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey ON   Lib   Lib 21,678 45.57% 6,650 13.98%   All 58.4% 21,678 15,028 1,473 7,926 1,464 47,569
Durham ON   Lib   Lib 20,602 45.20% 6,859 15.05%   All 56.6% 20,602 13,743 2,545 8,367 326 45,583
Eglinton—Lawrence ON   Lib   Lib 25,161 60.68% 18,005 43.43%   PC 57.6% 25,161 5,497 2,663 7,156 688 297 41,462
Elgin—Middlesex—London ON   Lib   Lib 17,202 41.02% 1,706 4.07%   All 59.4% 17,202 15,496 2,319 6,080 431 407 41,935
Erie—Lincoln ON   Lib   Lib 17,054 42.21% 2,062 5.10%   All 61.1% 17,054 14,992 2,423 5,174 476 280 40,399
Essex ON   Lib   Lib 20,524 44.33% 4,505 9.73%   All 58.5% 20,524 16,019 6,431 3,175 152 46,301
Etobicoke Centre ON   Lib   Lib 26,083 56.37% 15,765 34.07%   All 62.3% 26,083 10,318 2,124 7,566 181 46,272
Etobicoke North ON   Lib   Lib 23,345 72.54% 17,065 53.03%   All 50.1% 23,345 6,280 2,210 347 32,182
Etobicoke—Lakeshore ON   Lib   Lib 22,467 51.78% 13,307 30.67%   All 57.8% 22,467 9,160 2,835 8,453 473 43,388
Glengarry—Prescott—Russell ON   Lib   Lib 31,371 67.96% 22,739 49.26%   All 63.4% 31,371 8,632 1,877 3,942 340 46,162
Guelph—Wellington ON   Lib   Lib 26,440 48.19% 15,403 28.07%   All 61.1% 26,440 11,037 5,685 10,188 966 275 275 54,866
Haldimand—Norfolk—Brant ON   Lib   Lib 20,867 46.82% 5,451 12.23%   All 61.9% 20,867 15,416 2,124 5,761 397 44,565
Haliburton—Victoria—Brock ON   Lib   Lib 16,710 33.95% 1,119 2.27%   All 62.0% 16,710 15,591 2,409 14,508 49,218
Halton ON   Lib   Lib 28,168 47.27% 12,512 21.00%   All 60.3% 28,168 15,656 2,633 12,114 1,018 59,589
Hamilton East ON   Lib   Lib 16,435 52.85% 10,396 33.43%   All 48.4% 16,435 6,039 4,111 3,321 575 270 346 31,097
Hamilton Mountain ON   Lib   Lib 22,536 50.91% 12,915 29.17%   All 57.4% 22,536 9,621 4,387 7,467 259 44,270
Hamilton West ON   Lib   Lib 21,273 52.72% 13,978 34.64%   All 56.7% 21,273 7,295 5,300 5,024 616 437 163 246 40,354
Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington ON   Lib   Lib 16,996 39.00% 3,769 8.65%   All 61.3% 16,996 13,227 2,200 10,231 516 250 156 43,576
Huron—Bruce ON   Lib   Lib 21,547 49.91% 11,204 25.95%   All 64.6% 21,547 10,343 2,669 8,138 249 225 43,171
Kenora—Rainy River ON   Lib   Lib 14,416 45.21% 5,291 16.59%   All 58.4% 14,416 9,125 6,868 1,476 31,885
Kingston and the Islands ON   Lib   Lib 26,457 51.69% 17,235 33.67%   PC 58.5% 26,457 7,904 4,951 9,222 2,652 51,186
Kitchener Centre ON   Lib   Lib 23,511 52.84% 11,908 26.76%   All 55.5% 23,511 11,603 3,058 6,162 158 44,492
Kitchener—Waterloo ON   Lib   Lib 27,132 50.34% 14,730 27.33%   All 59.1% 27,132 12,402 4,394 8,621 809 105 437 53,900
Lambton—Kent—Middlesex ON   Lib   Lib 21,124 48.95% 7,822 18.13%   All 62.6% 21,124 13,302 1,871 5,918 341 365 232 43,153
Lanark—Carleton ON   Lib   All 24,670 38.93% 1,859 2.93%   Lib 66.1% 22,811 24,670 1,946 12,430 871 150 495 63,373
Leeds—Grenville ON   Lib   Lib 18,594 39.51% 55 0.12%   All 65.4% 18,594 18,539 990 7,940 816 181 47,060
London North Centre ON   Lib   Lib 22,795 51.46% 13,733 31.00%   All 54.2% 22,795 9,062 3,936 7,305 681 453 65 44,297
London West ON   Lib   Lib 23,794 49.37% 13,632 28.29%   All 59.2% 23,794 10,162 3,596 9,788 614 241 48,195
London—Fanshawe ON   Lib   Lib 19,677 54.81% 11,679 32.53%   All 50.6% 19,677 7,998 4,107 4,119 35,901
Markham ON   PC   Lib 32,104 66.64% 23,089 47.92%   All 56.8% 32,104 9,015 1,129 5,085 493 222 130 48,178
Mississauga Centre ON   Lib   Lib 24,381 64.13% 17,738 46.66%   All 51.3% 24,381 6,643 1,404 5,077 389 125 38,019
Mississauga East ON   Lib   Lib 22,158 64.50% 16,786 48.86%   All 52.1% 22,158 5,372 1,451 5,144 227 34,352
Mississauga South ON   Lib   Lib 20,676 51.77% 10,537 26.38%   All 58.1% 20,676 10,139 1,636 6,903 516 67 39,937
Mississauga West ON   Lib   Lib 31,260 63.20% 20,678 41.81%   All 55.0% 31,260 10,582 1,532 5,275 810 49,459
Nepean—Carleton ON   Lib   Lib 24,570 41.16% 2,260 3.79%   All 67.7% 24,570 22,310 2,223 9,536 805 249 59,693
Niagara Centre ON   Lib   Lib 21,641 45.74% 8,328 17.60%   All 61.3% 21,641 13,313 7,029 4,893 439 47,315
Niagara Falls ON   Lib   Lib 17,907 45.92% 5,908 15.15%   All 57.1% 17,907 11,999 2,356 6,077 501 155 38,995
Nickel Belt ON   Lib   Lib 19,187 55.57% 11,883 34.42%   NDP 60.0% 19,187 6,370 7,304 1,664 34,525
Nipissing ON   Lib   Lib 18,888 57.04% 11,427 34.51%   All 57.6% 18,888 7,461 2,572 4,192 33,113
Northumberland ON   Lib   Lib 20,109 45.90% 8,699 19.86%   All 59.8% 20,109 11,410 2,141 8,768 1,102 276 43,806
Oak Ridges ON   Lib   Lib 33,058 59.41% 21,344 38.36%   All 56.3% 33,058 11,714 1,623 8,409 672 172 55,648
Oakville ON   Lib   Lib 23,074 47.74% 9,530 19.72%   All 63.4% 23,074 13,544 1,335 9,589 790 48,332
Oshawa ON   Lib   Lib 16,179 42.92% 5,316 14.10%   All 49.9% 16,179 10,863 4,203 5,675 679 97 37,696
Ottawa Centre ON   Lib   Lib 22,716 40.01% 9,200 16.20%   NDP 61.0% 22,716 10,167 13,516 7,505 1,531 813 526 56,774
Ottawa South ON   Lib   Lib 26,585 51.33% 13,908 26.85%   All 62.0% 26,585 12,677 3,463 8,096 679 290 51,790
Ottawa West—Nepean ON   Lib   Lib 22,606 43.32% 7,853 15.05%   All 62.8% 22,606 14,753 2,718 10,507 585 423 89 504 52,185
Ottawa—Orléans ON   Lib   Lib 26,635 51.01% 13,319 25.51%   All 66.8% 26,635 13,316 2,169 8,738 561 534 266 52,219
Ottawa—Vanier ON   Lib   Lib 26,749 55.56% 19,149 39.78%   All 56.9% 26,749 7,600 4,194 7,400 1,083 728 387 48,141
Oxford ON   Lib   Lib 15,181 35.55% 2,131 4.99%   PC 61.3% 15,181 11,455 2,254 13,050 536 227 42,703
Parkdale—High Park ON   Lib   Lib 20,676 49.41% 12,729 30.42%   NDP 58.2% 20,676 4,882 7,947 5,681 1,161 775 132 594 41,848
Parry Sound—Muskoka ON   Lib   Lib 17,911 47.52% 8,342 22.13%   All 58.7% 17,911 9,569 1,665 7,055 1,495 37,695
Perth—Middlesex ON   Lib   Lib 16,988 40.37% 5,443 12.94%   PC 61.2% 16,988 9,785 2,800 11,545 689 141 128 42,076
Peterborough ON   Lib   Lib 25,310 48.41% 10,386 19.86%   All 60.8% 25,310 14,924 3,967 7,034 903 147 52,285
Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge ON   Lib   Lib 28,834 57.44% 16,893 33.65%   All 58.8% 28,834 11,941 1,523 6,883 1,014 50,195
Prince Edward—Hastings ON   Lib   Lib 20,055 50.46% 10,348 26.04%   All 56.3% 20,055 9,707 1,897 8,083 39,742
Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke ON   Lib   All 20,634 44.18% 2,423 5.19%   Lib 64.1% 18,211 20,634 1,607 5,287 762 121 78 46,700
Sarnia—Lambton ON   Lib   Lib 19,329 50.97% 8,121 21.42%   All 59.7% 19,329 11,208 2,735 3,320 514 545 269 37,920
Sault Ste. Marie ON   Lib   Lib 18,867 50.79% 9,665 26.02%   NDP 63.8% 18,867 7,006 9,202 1,168 776 128 37,147
Scarborough Centre ON   Lib   Lib 26,969 67.51% 18,120 45.36%   All 54.2% 26,969 8,849 3,171 959 39,948
Scarborough East ON   Lib   Lib 24,019 59.82% 16,460 41.00%   All 55.9% 24,019 7,559 1,884 6,284 405 40,151
Scarborough Southwest ON   Lib   Lib 21,466 60.01% 16,215 45.33%   PC 53.4% 21,466 4,912 3,638 5,251 501 35,768
Scarborough—Agincourt ON   Lib   Lib 26,986 70.89% 21,886 57.49%   All 54.7% 26,986 5,100 1,499 4,030 453 38,068
Scarborough—Rouge River ON   Lib   Lib 28,669 79.05% 25,432 70.13%   All 50.5% 28,669 3,237 1,793 2,566 36,265
Simcoe North ON   Lib   Lib 24,510 50.76% 10,227 21.18%   All 60.3% 24,510 14,283 2,272 6,914 305 48,284
Simcoe—Grey ON   Lib   Lib 22,224 44.77% 6,111 12.31%   All 59.7% 22,224 16,113 1,646 8,655 246 751 49,635
St. Catharines ON   Lib   Lib 20,992 44.93% 5,121 10.96%   All 60.0% 20,992 15,871 2,878 6,522 166 296 46,725
St. Paul's ON   Lib   Lib 25,358 54.01% 15,259 32.50%   PC 59.2% 25,358 5,457 4,451 10,099 769 514 299 46,947
Stoney Creek ON   Lib   Lib 24,150 51.08% 10,796 22.84%   All 60.9% 24,150 13,354 3,083 6,102 587 47,276
Stormont—Dundas—Charlottenburgh ON   Lib   Lib 19,113 46.69% 2,962 7.24%   All 61.0% 19,113 16,151 1,696 3,635 341 40,936
Sudbury ON   Lib   Lib 20,290 58.52% 13,736 39.62%   All 54.3% 20,290 6,554 4,368 2,642 503 313 34,670
Thornhill ON   Lib   Lib 27,152 64.59% 20,509 48.78%   All 57.2% 27,152 6,643 1,653 6,338 254 42,040
Thunder Bay—Atikokan ON   Lib   Lib 11,449 36.98% 2,382 7.69%   All 55.7% 11,449 9,067 6,023 3,652 769 30,960
Thunder Bay—Superior North ON   Lib   Lib 15,241 48.12% 8,963 28.30%   All 57.2% 15,241 6,278 6,169 2,753 648 581 31,670
Timiskaming—Cochrane ON   Lib   Lib 19,404 62.40% 13,564 43.62%   All 58.7% 19,404 5,840 2,461 2,603 790 31,098
Timmins—James Bay ON   Lib   Lib 16,335 54.22% 6,950 23.07%   NDP 56.1% 16,335 3,356 9,385 1,053 30,129
Toronto Centre—Rosedale ON   Lib   Lib 26,203 55.33% 18,054 38.12%   PC 57.2% 26,203 5,058 5,300 8,149 722 1,927[a 6] 47,359
Toronto—Danforth ON   Lib   Lib 20,330 51.90% 9,500 24.25%   NDP 57.2% 20,330 3,021 10,830 3,138 769 513 567 39,168
Trinity—Spadina ON   Lib   Lib 20,032 47.56% 4,031 9.57%   NDP 57.9% 20,032 2,250 16,001 2,309 562 673 290 42,117
Vaughan—King—Aurora ON   Lib   Lib 38,208 67.22% 28,451 50.06%   All 57.9% 38,208 9,757 1,938 6,551 384 56,838
Waterloo—Wellington ON   Lib   Lib 19,619 43.66% 4,822 10.73%   All 58.1% 19,619 14,797 1,845 7,999 432 249 44,941
Whitby—Ajax ON   Lib   Lib 25,693 52.68% 12,534 25.70%   All 58.6% 25,693 13,159 2,359 7,563 48,774
Willowdale ON   Lib   Lib 27,038 61.27% 19,627 44.47%   All 56.9% 27,038 7,411 2,404 7,134 145 44,132
Windsor West ON   Lib   Lib 20,729 54.21% 11,952 31.26%   All 50.0% 20,729 8,777 6,080 2,116 304 229 38,235
Windsor—St. Clair ON   Lib   NDP 17,001 40.84% 401 0.96%   Lib 55.6% 16,600 5,639 17,001 1,906 390 95 41,631
York Centre ON   Lib   Lib 24,788 71.09% 20,173 57.86%   All 54.0% 24,788 4,615 2,109 2,518 532 305 34,867
York North ON   Lib   Lib 22,665 46.50% 10,680 21.91%   All 57.4% 22,665 11,985 1,696 11,890 509 48,745
York South—Weston ON   Ind   Lib 15,841 45.60% 1,497 4.31%   Ind 56.5% 15,841[a 7] 1,754 1,288 986 293 14,344 232 34,738
York West ON   Lib   Lib 19,768 77.28% 17,034 66.59%   All 47.9% 19,768 2,734 2,365 539 175 25,581
Cardigan PE   Lib   Lib 8,545 48.06% 276 1.55%   PC 79.2% 8,545 500 465 8,269 17,779
Egmont PE   Lib   Lib 9,227 50.05% 2,111 11.45%   PC 72.8% 9,227 952 1,139 7,116 18,434
Hillsborough PE   Lib   Lib 8,277 41.81% 2,238 11.30%   PC 67.2% 8,277 1,005 4,328 6,039 58 92 19,799
Malpeque PE   Lib   Lib 8,972 48.62% 1,786 9.68%   PC 73.2% 8,972 1,262 782 7,186 250 18,452
Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik QC   Lib   Lib 18,198 49.99% 2,631 7.23%   BQ 56.5% 18,198 1,297 15,567 534 809 36,405
Ahuntsic QC   Lib   Lib 28,643 53.89% 11,511 21.66%   BQ 67.0% 28,643 1,816 17,132 997 3,018 1,123 421 53,150
Anjou—Rivière-des-Prairies QC   Lib   Lib 28,134 57.86% 13,379 27.52%   BQ 66.6% 28,134 2,005 14,755 624 2,034 918 151 48,621
Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel QC   BQ   BQ 21,713 43.20% 542 1.08%   Lib 63.7% 21,171 2,897 21,713 550 1,848 723 934 167 256 50,259
Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour QC   BQ   BQ 25,266 56.92% 11,485 25.87%   Lib 67.3% 13,781 2,078 25,266 421 1,944 901 44,391
Beauce QC   Lib   Lib 26,033 56.01% 13,710 29.49%   BQ 63.3% 26,033 5,452 12,323 436 1,628 611 46,483
Beauharnois—Salaberry QC   BQ   Lib 23,834 48.26% 2,896 5.86%   BQ 70.4% 23,834 1,782 20,938 703 2,133 49,390
Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans QC   BQ   BQ 21,341 41.55% 2,627 5.11%   Lib 65.9% 18,714 5,878 21,341 869 2,916 1,364 283 51,365
Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet QC   Lib   Lib 19,163 47.91% 4,190 10.48%   BQ 63.8% 19,163 4,224 14,973 1,636 39,996
Berthier—Montcalm QC   BQ   BQ 31,647 57.06% 14,978 27.00%   Lib 61.1% 16,669 2,851 31,647 823 2,011 1,464 55,465
Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok QC   BQ   Lib 19,213 53.19% 3,681 10.19%   BQ 65.4% 19,213 764 15,532 613 36,122
Bourassa QC   Lib   Lib 25,403 62.22% 13,941 34.15%   BQ 62.3% 25,403 1,435 11,462 736 1,325 467 40,828
Brome—Missisquoi QC   Lib   Lib 21,545 50.26% 8,182 19.09%   BQ 65.7% 21,545 1,977 13,363 480 5,502 42,867
Brossard—La Prairie QC   Lib   Lib 26,806 52.69% 10,048 19.75%   BQ 66.1% 26,806 2,973 16,758 852 2,783 700 50,872
Chambly QC   BQ   BQ 26,084 49.94% 8,684 16.63%   Lib 66.5% 17,400 2,780 26,084 769 3,448 1,751 52,232
Champlain QC   BQ   BQ 20,423 45.26% 15 0.03%   Lib 68.1% 20,408 2,599 20,423 672 1,020 45,122
Charlesbourg—Jacques-Cartier QC   BQ   BQ 21,867 38.29% 822 1.44%   Lib 68.1% 21,045 8,801 21,867 1,000 3,256 1,136 57,105
Charlevoix QC   BQ   BQ 20,479 61.44% 11,171 33.52%   Lib 58.3% 9,308 1,905 20,479 484 1,154 33,330
Châteauguay QC   BQ   BQ 26,284 47.12% 3,312 5.94%   Lib 67.3% 22,972 3,120 26,284 622 2,041 743 55,782
Chicoutimi—Le Fjord QC   PC   Lib 20,105 48.24% 5,032 12.07%   BQ 64.2% 20,105 2,001 15,073 698 3,797 41,674
Compton—Stanstead QC   PC   Lib 17,729 46.56% 2,921 7.67%   BQ 65.6% 17,729 2,061 14,808 580 2,422 476 38,076
Drummond QC   BQ   BQ 18,970 45.27% 4,635 11.06%   Lib 65.6% 14,335 1,621 18,970 423 6,559 41,908
Frontenac—Mégantic QC   BQ   Lib 17,069 45.95% 1,366 3.68%   BQ 69.4% 17,069 1,751 15,703 427 1,497 698 37,145
Gatineau QC   Lib   Lib 25,960 51.45% 13,143 26.05%   BQ 56.5% 25,960 5,069 12,817 1,763 3,619 617 611 50,456
Hochelaga—Maisonneuve QC   BQ   BQ 21,250 49.20% 5,107 11.82%   Lib 58.7% 16,143 1,502 21,250 767 1,751 1,227 549 43,189
Hull—Aylmer QC   Lib   Lib 22,385 51.40% 12,334 28.32%   BQ 59.1% 22,385 3,639 10,051 1,521 4,181 892 184 699 43,552
Joliette QC   BQ   BQ 23,615 52.20% 8,795 19.44%   Lib 64.4% 14,820 2,432 23,615 1,085 2,730 560 45,242
Jonquière QC   BQ   BQ 16,189 50.07% 4,615 14.27%   Lib 62.3% 11,574 3,428 16,189 1,139 32,330
Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup—Temiscouata—Les-Basques QC   BQ   BQ 23,319 59.99% 11,525 29.65%   Lib 59.4% 11,794 1,373 23,319 836 1,382 170 38,874
Lac-Saint-Jean—Saguenay QC   BQ   BQ 21,391 66.17% 13,855 42.86%   Lib 62.8% 7,536 1,536 21,391 417 535 912 32,327
Lac-Saint-Louis QC   Lib   Lib 43,515 74.16% 39,104 66.64%   PC 71.7% 43,515 4,223 3,913 1,464 4,411 1,031 119 58,676
LaSalle—Émard QC   Lib   Lib 32,069 65.75% 20,264 41.55%   BQ 65.6% 32,069 1,806 11,805 837 1,111 765 380 48,773
Laurentides QC   BQ   BQ 30,337 49.90% 6,718 11.05%   Lib 62.5% 23,619 2,269 30,337 720 3,094 757 60,796
Laurier—Sainte-Marie QC   BQ   BQ 23,473 52.79% 12,022 27.04%   Lib 57.7% 11,451 960 23,473 2,111 1,879 2,169 2,156 269 44,468
Laval Centre QC   BQ   BQ 23,746 43.35% 42 0.08%   Lib 64.5% 23,704 2,437 23,746 832 2,778 1,285 54,782
Laval East QC   BQ   Lib 26,018 44.77% 1,292 2.22%   BQ 68.8% 26,018 2,354 24,726 573 2,459 660 892 255 178 58,115
Laval West QC   Lib   Lib 31,758 51.30% 11,783 19.03%   BQ 68.0% 31,758 4,631 19,975 764 3,613 983 180 61,904
Lévis-et-Chutes-de-la-Chaudière QC   BQ   BQ 26,398 41.85% 4,876 7.73%   Lib 66.4% 21,522 9,152 26,398 1,411 4,222 374 63,079
Longueuil QC   BQ   BQ 20,868 52.25% 7,877 19.72%   Lib 59.7% 12,991 2,066 20,868 655 2,210 968 183 39,941
Lotbinière—L'Érable QC   BQ   BQ 15,351 45.64% 2,788 8.29%   Lib 66.4% 12,563 2,827 15,351 538 2,357 33,636
Louis-Hébert QC   BQ   Lib 23,695 41.14% 2,455 4.26%   BQ 70.8% 23,695 5,887 21,240 1,200 5,189 382 57,593
Manicouagan QC   BQ   BQ 11,595 53.24% 3,825 17.56%   Lib 56.0% 7,770 1,197 11,595 386 830 21,778
Matapédia—Matane QC   BQ   BQ 14,678 46.64% 276 0.88%   Lib 58.8% 14,402 14,678 935 1,456 31,471
Mercier QC   BQ   BQ 24,755 52.87% 9,339 19.95%   Lib 63.3% 15,416 1,684 24,755 480 1,629 1,813 937 104 46,818
Mount Royal QC   Lib   Lib 33,118 81.24% 30,629 75.13%   PC 59.9% 33,118 1,444 1,740 1,034 2,489 681 262 40,768
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine QC   Lib   Lib 28,328 60.72% 19,879 42.61%   BQ 62.6% 28,328 2,022 8,449 2,208 3,352 1,031 897 364 46,651
Outremont QC   Lib   Lib 18,796 47.68% 7,645 19.39%   BQ 58.9% 18,796 1,283 11,151 2,199 3,190 1,478 1,013 312 39,422
Papineau—Saint-Denis QC   Lib   Lib 23,955 54.10% 12,176 27.50%   BQ 61.9% 23,955 2,114 11,779 1,983 1,215 1,128 886 738 482 44,280
Pierrefonds—Dollard QC   Lib   Lib 39,357 72.85% 33,420 61.86%   BQ 68.2% 39,357 3,481 5,937 1,109 2,991 1,149 54,024
Pontiac—Gatineau—Labelle QC   Lib   Lib 20,590 45.36% 6,038 13.30%   BQ 58.9% 20,590 6,587 14,552 840 1,791 654 98 277 45,389
Portneuf QC   BQ   Lib 17,877 40.78% 2,433 5.55%   BQ 65.3% 17,877 6,699 15,444 3,819 43,839
Québec QC   BQ   BQ 22,793 43.43% 4,174 7.95%   Lib 61.2% 18,619 3,980 22,793 1,704 3,171 1,480 737 52,484
Quebec East QC   BQ   Lib 21,813 38.61% 647 1.15%   BQ 64.2% 21,813 8,594 21,166 1,192 3,727 56,492
Repentigny QC   BQ   BQ 33,627 57.80% 17,992 30.93%   Lib 63.5% 15,635 2,964 33,627 831 3,122 1,997 58,176
Richmond—Arthabaska QC   PC   PC 18,430 37.20% 363 0.73%   BQ 66.4% 10,416 1,930 18,067 319 18,430 375 49,537
Rimouski—Neigette-et-La-Mitis QC   BQ   BQ 19,759 59.55% 9,964 30.03%   Lib 60.0% 9,795 1,280 19,759 525 1,150 673 33,182
Rivière-des-Mille-Îles QC   BQ   BQ 26,508 49.41% 8,052 15.01%   Lib 63.8% 18,456 3,677 26,508 739 2,935 1,329 53,644
Roberval QC   BQ   BQ 16,928 55.06% 6,248 20.32%   Lib 58.4% 10,680 1,830 16,928 437 870 30,745
Rosemont—Petite-Patrie QC   BQ   BQ 23,315 49.13% 7,263 15.31%   Lib 59.3% 16,052 1,354 23,315 1,417 2,006 1,475 1,486 114 233 47,452
Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert QC   BQ   BQ 22,217 43.98% 2,474 4.90%   Lib 67.5% 19,743 3,305 22,217 1,029 2,673 1,546 50,513
Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot QC   BQ   BQ 25,916 55.41% 9,651 20.63%   Lib 67.6% 16,265 2,161 25,916 499 1,932 46,773
Saint-Jean QC   BQ   BQ 22,686 47.44% 5,424 11.34%   Lib 68.7% 17,262 3,169 22,686 698 2,764 1,246 47,825
Saint-Lambert QC   Lib   Lib 19,679 45.40% 3,160 7.29%   BQ 63.5% 19,679 3,066 16,519 2,704 1,377 43,345
Saint-Laurent—Cartierville QC   Lib   Lib 32,861 73.58% 27,023 60.51%   BQ 63.1% 32,861 1,909 5,838 1,070 2,308 672 44,658
Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel QC   Lib   Lib 35,396 76.66% 28,717 62.20%   BQ 63.7% 35,396 1,750 6,679 528 1,057 635 127 46,172
Saint-Maurice QC   Lib   Lib 23,345 54.07% 6,524 15.11%   BQ 72.5% 23,345 1,461 16,821 359 966 223 43,175
Shefford QC   PC   Lib 20,707 45.93% 891 1.98%   BQ 67.5% 20,707 1,867 19,816 380 1,498 819 45,087
Sherbrooke QC   PC   BQ 23,559 46.53% 2,377 4.69%   Lib 63.6% 21,182 2,284 23,559 677 1,955 294 681 50,632
Témiscamingue QC   BQ   BQ 18,801 50.14% 2,773 7.40%   Lib 62.4% 16,028 1,368 18,801 493 804 37,494
Terrebonne—Blainville QC   BQ   BQ 28,933 51.91% 11,265 20.21%   Lib 64.8% 17,668 3,741 28,933 1,111 3,089 1,193 55,735
Trois-Rivières QC   BQ   BQ 22,405 46.67% 1,799 3.75%   Lib 66.3% 20,606 2,161 22,405 512 1,599 722 48,005
Vaudreuil—Soulanges QC   Lib   Lib 26,292 51.56% 8,705 17.07%   BQ 70.0% 26,292 4,188 17,587 904 2,020 50,991
Verchères—Les Patriotes QC   BQ   BQ 28,696 52.29% 11,956 21.78%   Lib 69.1% 16,740 2,870 28,696 1,074 3,859 1,643 54,882
Verdun—Saint-Henri—Saint-Paul—Pointe Saint-Charles QC   Lib   Lib 20,905 51.27% 8,929 21.90%   BQ 59.0% 20,905 2,098 11,976 1,003 2,670 933 924 117 148 40,774
Westmount—Ville-Marie QC   Lib   Lib 23,093 60.19% 18,496 48.21%   PC 54.7% 23,093 1,697 4,110 1,990 4,597 1,245 692 694 246 38,364
Battlefords—Lloydminster SK   Ref   All 17,691 60.23% 12,584 42.85%   NDP 59.9% 5,098 17,691 5,107 1,474 29,370
Blackstrap SK   Ref   All 16,028 44.24% 6,477 17.88%   NDP 65.8% 8,206 16,028 9,551 1,926 519 36,230
Churchill River SK   NDP   Lib 9,856 41.81% 2,177 9.23%   All 59.5% 9,856 7,679 5,141 755 143 23,574
Cypress Hills—Grasslands SK   Ref   All 18,593 61.65% 13,492 44.73%   NDP 64.9% 3,791 18,593 5,101 2,676 30,161
Palliser SK   NDP   NDP 12,136 38.16% 209 0.66%   All 62.7% 6,492 11,927 12,136 1,248 31,803
Prince Albert SK   Ref   All 14,825 45.59% 8,071 24.82%   Lib 64.1% 6,754 14,825 6,676 3,943 317 32,515
Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre SK   NDP   All 12,585 42.94% 161 0.55%   NDP 63.2% 4,296 12,585 12,424 29,305
Regina—Qu'Appelle SK   NDP   NDP 11,731 41.30% 164 0.58%   All 61.1% 5,106 11,567 11,731 28,404
Saskatoon—Humboldt SK   Ref   All 15,780 44.28% 6,360 17.85%   NDP 64.0% 7,740 15,780 9,420 1,963 488 245 35,636
Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar SK   NDP   All 11,177 41.66% 68 0.25%   NDP 55.6% 3,023 11,177 11,109 1,518 26,827
Saskatoon—Wanuskewin SK   Ref   All 17,404 52.57% 9,382 28.34%   NDP 61.6% 5,567 17,404 8,022 1,709 402 33,104
Souris—Moose Mountain SK   Ref   All 19,278 63.28% 14,523 47.67%   NDP 63.0% 4,371 19,278 4,755 2,060 30,464
Wascana SK   Lib   Lib 14,244 41.19% 1,752 5.07%   All 62.3% 14,244 12,492 7,446 401 34,583
Yorkton—Melville SK   Ref   All 19,978 62.98% 14,825 46.74%   Lib 63.6% 5,153 19,978 5,007 1,583 31,721
Nunavut Terr   Lib   Lib 5,327 69.01% 3,917 50.74%   NDP 54.1% 5,327 1,410 633 349 7,719
Western Arctic Terr   Lib   Lib 5,855 45.60% 2,425 18.89%   NDP 52.2% 5,855 2,273 3,430 1,282 12,840
Yukon Terr   NDP   Lib 4,293 32.48% 70 0.53%   NDP 63.5% 4,293 3,659 4,223 991 53 13,219
  1. ^ "Thirty-seventh General Election 2000: Official Voting Results: Synopsis". Elections Canada. 2001. ISBN 0-662-65518-4., Tables 11-12
  2. ^ Including spoiled ballots
  3. ^ Minor political parties receiving less than 1% of the popular vote (other than ones which had a significant number of candidates receiving more than 1,000 votes) are aggregated under Other
  4. ^ Jack Ramsay, elected in 1997 under the Reform banner, received 2,668 votes.
  5. ^ Brian Tobin had also been Premier of Newfoundland (1996-2000).
  6. ^ Former Liberal Cabinet minister Paul Hellyer, standing for the Canadian Action Party, received 1,466 votes.
  7. ^ Alan Tonks was previously Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (1987-1997)
  = Open seat
  = Turnout is above provincial average
  = Winning candidate held seat in previous House
  = Incumbent had switched allegiance
  = Previously incumbent in another riding
  = Not incumbent; was previously elected to the House
  = Incumbency arose from byelection gain
  = Other incumbents renominated
  = Previously a member of one of the provincial legislatures
  = Multiple candidates

Vote and seat summaries

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Popular vote
Liberal
40.85%
Canadian Alliance
25.49%
PC
12.19%
Bloc Québécois
10.72%
NDP
8.51%
Green
0.81%
Others
1.43%
Seat totals
Liberal
57.14%
Canadian Alliance
21.93%
Bloc Québécois
12.62%
NDP
4.32%
PC
3.99%

Results by province

[edit]
Party name BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL NU NT YK Total
     Liberal Seats: 5 2 2 5 100 36 6 4 4 5 1 1 1 172
Popular vote: 27.7 20.9 20.7 32.5 51.5 44.2 41.7 36.5 47.0 44.9 69.0 45.3 32.9 40.8
     Canadian Alliance Seats: 27 23 10 4 2 - - - - -   - - 66
Vote: 49.4 58.9 47.7 30.4 23.6 6.2 15.7 9.6 5.0 3.9   17.6 27.0 25.5
     Bloc Québécois Seats:           38               38
Vote:           39.9               10.7
     New Democratic Seats: 2 - 2 4 1 - 1 3 - - - - - 13
Vote: 11.3 5.4 26.2 20.9 8.3 1.8 11.7 24.0 9.0 13.1 18.3 26.9 32.1 8.5
     Progressive Conservative Seats: - 1 - 1 - 1 3 4 - 2 - - - 12
Vote: 7.3 13.5 4.8 14.5 14.4 5.6 30.5 29.1 38.4 34.5 8.1 10.1 7.6 12.2
Total seats: 34 26 14 14 103 75 10 11 4 7 1 1 1 301
Parties that won no seats:
Green Vote: 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.6   0.1 0.3   4.5     0.8
Marijuana Vote: 0.7 0.2   0.1 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.4           0.5
Canadian Action Vote: 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2                 0.2
Natural Law Vote: 0.1       0.1 0.3 0.2   0.1 0.1       0.1
Marxist–Leninist Vote: 0.1       0.1 0.2   0.1           0.1
Communist Vote: 0.1     0.3 0.1 0.1               0.1
  Other Vote: 0.4 0.4   1.0 0.6 0.2   0.2 0.1 4.4     0.4 0.4

Source: Elections Canada

Gains and losses

[edit]
Elections to the 37th Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 1997–2000
Party 1997 Gain from (loss to) 2000
Lib All BQ NDP PC Ind
Liberal 155 (4) 7 6 (1) 8 1 172
Alliance 60 4 3 (1) 66
Bloc Québécois 44 (7) 1 38
New Democratic 21 1 (6) (3) 13
Progressive Conservative 20 (8) 1 (1) 12
Independent 1 (1)
Total 301 5 (22) 1 (7) 7 (1) 9 (1) 9 (1) 1 301

The following seats changed allegiance from the 1997 election:

Notes

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10 closest ridings

[edit]

1.Champlain, QC: Marcel Gagnon (BQ) def. Julie Boulet (Lib) by 15 votes
2.Laval Centre, QC: Madeleine Dalphond-Guiral (BQ) def. Pierre Lafleur (Lib) by 42 votes
3.Leeds—Grenville, ON: Joe Jordan (Lib) def. Gord Brown (CA) by 55 votes
4.Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK: Carol Skelton (CA) def. Dennis Gruending (NDP) by 68 votes
5.Yukon, YT: Larry Bagnell (Lib) def. Louise Hardy (NDP) by 70 votes
6.Tobique—Mactaquac, NB: Andy Savoy (Lib) def. Gilles Bernier (PC) by 150 votes
7.Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre, SK: Larry Spencer (CA) def. John Solomon (NDP) by 161 votes
8.Regina—Qu'Appelle, SK: Lorne Nystrom (NDP) def. Don Leier (CA) by 164 votes
9.Palliser, SK: Dick Proctor (NDP) def. Don Findlay (CA) by 209 votes
10.Matapédia—Matane, QC: Jean-Yves Roy (BQ) def. Marc Bélanger (Lib) by 276 votes
11.Cardigan, PE: Lawrence MacAulay (Lib) def. Kevin MacAdam (PC) by 276 votes

See also

[edit]

Articles on parties' candidates in this election:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  2. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. The Canadian general election of 2000. Dundurn Press Ltd., 2001. ISBN 1-55002-356-X, ISBN 978-1-55002-356-5. Pp. 8.
  3. ^ a b Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 122.
  4. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 10.
  5. ^ Stinson, Scott (May 6, 2011). "Scott Stinson: Redefining the Liberals not a quick process". National Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 16.
  7. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 23.
  8. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22–23.
  9. ^ a b c Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 115.
  10. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 19.
  11. ^ a b c Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 20.
  12. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 21.
  13. ^ a b c Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22.
  14. ^ a b Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 24.
  15. ^ a b c Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 59.
  16. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 60.
  17. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61.
  18. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61–62.
  19. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140.
  20. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140–141.
  21. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 141.
  22. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 144.
  23. ^ a b Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 145.
  24. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140, 145.
  25. ^ a b c d Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 114.
  26. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 124.
  27. ^ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 127–128.
  28. ^ a b Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 128.
  1. ^ Only contested seats in Quebec.

Bibliography

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